Papers for carbonization were prepared from pulp and organic fiber, and carbonized as sheet-like carbon. The carbonized papers retained the properties of original papers such as porosity and so on. In addition, they had high electrical conductivity, so they were used as electrode materials for secondary batteries. The Si-based anode for lithium ion secondary batteries consisted of a carbonized paper and Si powder was advantageous to absorb severe volume changes of Si particle by the three-dimensional carbonized fiber framework and exhibited excellent capacity retention. The cathode for lithium air secondary batteries consisting of a carbonized paper and electrode catalysts exhibited more superior initial polarization properties and more superior cycle characteristics by controlled carbon deterioration during charging.