Today is the age of the instrumental analysis. Some of instumental analysis methods employ the ionising radiation represented by X-ray as a tool of looking into the microscopic world. In this time, understanding the history of analytical chemisty is helpful to evaluate the results (numeric values) of the instrumental analysis based on the discussion of analytical chemistry. This review is composed Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) who tought analytical chemistry emphasizing the student laboratory in late 19th century) at the center of the story, and is devided into three parts: before Liebig, Liebig age, and after Liebig. This review also includes partly the history of Japan analytical chemistry. From the late of 17th century British Industrial Revolution brought the construction of factories, ships, and trains powered by the steam engine, and accelerated the progress of those tequniques and theories. Especially the story of the contribution of the thermodynamic theory for the steam engine and that of the phase equiribrium and phase rule theories for the iron manufaturing give big hints to the progress of recent technology.