It is said that one of the important keys to realize a compact city is to develop very convenient public transportation, but quantitative analyses for that are inadequate. In this study, at first, the transportation frequencies over railways and tramways and changes in the distribution of population of all local cities in Japan over time were investigated. Then, the relationship between the level of frequencies of stations in railways or tramways and the distribution of the population around the stations in a whole city or in densely inhabited districts was investigated.